1.         Materials at reading level:

Bulger, Rev. J. (1939). Memoirs and historical jottings. (Unpublished biography, St. Anthony's church rectory, 1939). Davenport , IA. Original manuscript. Provides biographical perspective on Irish immigration to rural Southwestern Iowa which can be used as introductions to individual lessons.

D'Alton, E. (1999). Ireland . Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://newadvent.org/cathen/08098b.htm. A detailed encyclopedic article emphasizing the Catholic Church's role in Irish history. Can be used for documentation in papers.

A history of the Irish race. (2000, May 3). Old Ireland . Retrieved April 12, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.ireland.org/irl_hist/hist2.htm. An encyclopedic article detailing early Irish history from the Irish perspective. Can be used for documentation in papers.

McGhee, R. (1996, December 5). Northern Approaches. The National Library of Canada . Retrieved April 12,2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/north/nor-i/thule/thu-019e.htm. An encyclopedic article referencing pre-Columbian exploration of North America by Irish monks of the 10^th century.

Urban, P. (1999, August 25). Beyond the Pale. Irish Republican Socialist Movement. Retrieved October 15, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://irsm.org/general/history/beyondthepale.htm. A article detailing the fight for Irish independence from an Irish socialist point of view.

Wagner, P. (Producer). (1994). Out of Ireland [Videotape]. New York : American Focus, Inc. Narrated by Kelly McGillis, this video examines the history and experience of Irish Immigrants to America , including interviews. Can be used over multiple class periods (111 minutes) to enhance learning.

2.         Materials below reading level:

Immigrants. (1981). The Goldfinch, 3 (2), 1-16. A well written collection of articles from the Iowa Historical Society, including immigrant history, causation, photographs, maps, and interviews. Can be used as supplemental text for below-level readers.

3.         Materials above reading level:

Daniels, R. (1991) A history of immigration and ethnicity in American life. Princeton , NJ : HarperPerennial. A college level history textbook describing causes and patterns of migration to America with specific references to contributions by major ethnic groups. Can be used for documentation in papers.

4.         Primary/professional sources:

Mullin, J. (1995). Mullin Ancestry. (Unpublished genealogy). Davenport , IA. Original manuscript. Provides material for construction of a family tree.

Mullin, J. Personal Interview. 4 May 2001.